![]() ![]() Just throw in as many GPUs as you like and enjoy. Our Caffe modification supports highly efficient parallel training. The most straightforward method to install these libraries is to run the build-all.sh script.īesides software, GPU(s) are required for optical flow extraction and model training. Matlab scripts are provided for some critical steps like video-level testing. We recommend the Anaconda Python distribution. There are a few dependencies to run the code. Construct file lists for training and validation.FAQ, How to add a custom datasetīelow is the guidance to reproduce the reported results and explore more. Carr Lane push/pull toggle clamps are available. You are advised to update to the latest version. On push/pull clamps, the toggle action moves and locks the plunger in either the pushing or pulling direction. Some parameters in TSN training are affected. When you retrieve data from the HSS you're creating an Sh Pull request, and when you store data in to the HSS you're making an Sh Update request. 14, 2016 - We fixed a legacy bug in Caffe. Data handling usually can be stored in Sh Pull (for getting data from the HSS) and Sh Update for storing data into the HSS. 5, 2016 - The project page for TSN is online. ![]() If they accept the changes, the remote repo. A pull request is just you telling the remote server (and the people who maintain it) that you have some updated commits that you would like them to look over and integrate with the remote repository. Find the model weights and transfer learning experiment results on the website.Īn experimental pytorch implementation of TSN is released github in reverse, from the server, and this is the heart of what makes pull requests function. 8, 2017 - We released TSN models trained on the Kinetics dataset with 76.6% single model top-1 accuracy. All built and ready to use with NVIDIA-Docker It contains OpenCV, Caffe, DenseFlow, and this codebase. 20, 2018 - For those having trouble building the TSN toolkit, we have provided a built docker image you can use. Limin Wang, Yuanjun Xiong, Zhe Wang, Yu Qiao, Dahua Lin, Xiaoou Tang, and Luc Van Gool, Temporal Segment Networks: Towards Good Practices for Deep Action Recognition, Limin Wang, Yuanjun Xiong, Zhe Wang, Yu Qiao, Dahua Lin, Xiaoou Tang, and Luc Van Gool, TPAMI, 2018. Temporal Segment Networks for Action Recognition in Videos, This repository holds the codes and models for the papers This repo will keep on being suppported for Caffe users. It includes implementation for TSN as well as other STOA frameworks for various tasks. Post comments describing the changes they need to make before you'll accept the PR.We have released MMAction, a full-fledged action understanding toolbox based on PyTorch.I can run git pull and have it work if there is no other lines or characters after the git pull but if I say have. Scroll to the bottom of the "Conversation" (default) page I'm trying to update a git repo from a bash script and I've run into some trouble.Things you can do if they haven't/won't give you write access to their pull request branch: Once they've done so, you can push to the Pull Request branch of their repository directly. You can make a comment on the Pull Request, telling them that their are some issues you'd like to fix before merging the Pull Request, and stating that you'd like them to give you permission to commit to their Pull Request branch by checking the "Allow edits from maintainers" checkbox on the Pull Request, and giving them a link to the GitHub Help page about the feature, so they can see exactly how to enable it. In the past this was only possible by them adding you as a contributor on their fork, however, in September 2016, GitHub added a feature for exactly this use case, allowing the person requesting the Pull Request to give permission to the maintainer(s) of the upstream repository simply by marking a checkbox. To my knowledge, you can only do this if they grant you permission. ![]()
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![]() ![]() Keep in mind however that the shortened version was also true since in the middle ages, nobles and rulers occasionally had to promote commoners and squires in mid-battle to replace fallen knights. The actual event could go for days, so this again is often shortened for time. In Real Life, these were highly religious events that involved the new knight having a night vigil (sleepless time with praying) in the chapel, ritualized bathing for cleansing, wearing certain colours (white for one) and a final blessings from The Church near the end. Expect a formal ceremony in a Standard Royal Court with masses of witnesses. Once upon a time, all that was needed was the dubbing, but it elaborated quickly. Unfortunately, knights don't come easy this is the trope for how they're created. Furthermore, only knights who are not the highest or second-highest level among all your retinue can be sent to Joust.Every story in an European setting is going to need a Knight in Shining Armour to rescue Distressed Damsels and generally do heroic things. Jousting knights are counted as being away on quests and cannot do anything else until they return. By paying Gold, you can ensure that Jousting characters will level up after the next mission. Knights can also be sent to participate in a Joust (which is a different effect from the Rightful Christian Decree of the same name). If you assign a knight to train, be sure to let them finish. However, if a knight is pulled from the Training Ground before reaching their next level, all the XP gained from training will be lost. Knights assigned to train will gain XP after every mission until they have enough to level up. You can also pay Gold to reset their skill points, adjusting the capabilities of individual characters as needed. The Training Ground allows you to level up your knights by giving them XP even if they aren't currently participating in missions. Initial Cost: 500 Gold, 500 Building Resources.Related: King Arthur: Knight's Tale - Morality & Religion Guide Free treatment is completed one mission faster, to a minimum of one.Requires 3 or higher Christian Religion.Using potions in combat no longer costs AP.A knight's Injury Tokens are replenished at the end of a mission.Knights who sustain injuries in combat negate those injuries at the cost of an Injury Token if they have any in reserve.All knights permanently gain an additional Injury Token.Knights recovering from injuries also regain a small amount of Vitality.Potions that grant a prolonged effect in combat have their duration extended by one turn.Allows a fourth knight to be treated simultaneously.Allows a third knight to be treated simultaneously.Allows a second knight to be treated simultaneously.Increases the speed of free treatment by fifty percent.Requires 3 or higher Rightful Morality.This stacks with the bonus granted by your Hospitaller.Reduces the Gold cost of quick treatment by ten percent.This stacks with the bonus granted by Apprentice Herbalist.All knights permanently increase their maximum Vitality by ten percent.After participating in a mission, knights will recover five percent of their Vitality automatically.This stacks with the bonus granted by Master Herbalist.All knights permanently increase their maximum Vitality by five percent. ![]() Allows a fourth knight to be treated at the same time.Allows a third knight to be treated at the same time.Allows a second knight to be treated at the same time. ![]() ![]() ![]() So if you’ve got the budget and don’t mind the wired setup, this represents an outstanding and highly recommended option. Overall though, these aren’t enough to change the fact the SteelSeries Arctis Nova Pro for Xbox provides an absolutely amazing audio experience on Xbox. The fact the decent microphone isn’t retract-to-mute is also a missed opportunity, and the need to have a cable running to the DAC and then to the Xbox also means you’ve got something else to potentially get in the way (or trip over) during a gaming session. The main drawbacks are the very high price ($279.99/£249.99) which easily makes it one of the most expensive mainstream wired gaming headsets going right now, and the ear cushion material it’s a form of leatherette - and in our experience with other headsets, that tends to split or degrade after a while, especially in hot conditions or very heavy use. The icing on the cake is compatibility with other systems including PC and PlayStation 5 you can literally have it plugged into an Xbox and something else at the same time and switch between the two systems without having to take off the headset. Sets a new standard for wired Xbox gaming headset audio SteelSeries Arctis Nova Pro review The Digital-To-Analogue (DAC) unit offers highly customisable EQ adjustment, letting you get the sound just how you like it, and the audio quality in stereo and surround mode is just superb across the board, whether it’s in action-packed action/shooting games, engaging RPGs, thoughtful adventure titles, or enjoying streaming content from the internet. The lightweight design keeps the size and weight down, making it comfortable to wear but still feeling like there’s some sturdiness to it so I don’t have to worry about the cat or one of the kids accidentally sitting on it. As a result, it's still quite a wise move to keep a close eye on the best Xbox Series X headsets and the lineup of Xbox Series X wireless headsets. While that aforementioned compatibility will ensure you can take your Xbox One headset between the two console generations seamlessly, some sets are built with the newer machines in mind. Yes, the best gaming headsets are going to cost you, but there's plenty of value further down the scale as well. We've also covered the full price range here as well, so you can make sure you're getting the best for your cash whatever your budget. We've lived, worked, and played with all these cups, to make sure they live up to their promises well past the initial two week testing period. With all that in mind, we've compiled this list of the best Xbox One headsets based on extensive testing across multiple weeks. Plus, it's well worth double checking any prices of older releases against new models - you'd be surprised how many refreshes launch at the same MSRP without dropping the price on the previous generation. Connect to mobile devices via Bluetooth for on-the-go music or chatMicrosoft's finnicky wireless connections continue to give Xbox players headaches when hunting for a headset, though, which means you'll need to make sure you're picking up a compatible device if you are going down the untethered route.Flexible, lightweight design with an adjustable headband.Enjoy up to 15 hours of battery life with the internal, rechargeable battery.Adjust your volume and game/chat levels with the rotating earcup dials.Use auto-mute and voice isolation to reduce noise interruption for crystal-clear chat.Surround yourself with spatial sound technologies including Windows Sonic, Dolby Atmos, and DTS Headphone:X.Pair directly to your console with Xbox Wireless radio without the need for dongles, cables, or a base station. ![]() Pair directly to your console with Xbox Wireless radio without the need for dongles, cables, or a base station, and connect to your mobile device with Bluetooth® for on-the-go music or chat. Fine-tune your headset with the Xbox Accessories app for a customized audio experience. ![]() The flexible, lightweight design with an adjustable headband makes for a more comfortable experience during extended play sessions while rotating earcup dials provide a quick and intuitive way to adjust volume and game/chat balance. Auto-mute and voice isolation reduce background noise and allow for crystal-clear chat. Game loud and clear with the Xbox Wireless Headset, surround yourself with spatial sound technologies including Windows Sonic, Dolby Atmos, and DTS Headphone:X. ![]() ![]() ![]() Take today as a chance to live your dream life. Equally, the time you have will change your life if you use it properly. Besides, life is easy when you do what is necessary within the right time. Amy Adams, Lady Gaga, and Sandra Bullock are just a few of the Gemini rising celebrities. Ascendant in Gemini, Moon in Aries Ascendant in Gemini, Moon in Taurus. In other words, you should no be serious in such a way that you can complicate your moves. Explore the natal birth charts of celebrities and famous people by the placement. ![]() Basically, it is essential to take your life in a simple form. Another thing without which they can’t make it is their intuition. And they need new people in their life, for they can’t resist without sharing their problems and thoughts. That’s why they make friends very easily. Gemini rising sign shows the basic law of existence. The Pisces Sun Gemini Moon natives have a good sense of humor and they can charm anyone. You strive to uphold fairness, equality and impartiality. You move between passion and indifference. Your philosophical considerations about life are spiritual and, at the same time, balanced with the material (or physical). Gemini ascendants don’t mean to be rude, and it’s just that their minds jump at speeds light years ahead of the other zodiac signs. If you are a Cancer with Virgo rising, you are the most thoughtful of the Cancerians. It also gives them snobbish air because they can’t be bothered with your already old topic of five minutes ago. Sir James Paul McCartney (born 18 June 1942) is an English singer, songwriter, musician. Lana Del Rey, Bruno Mars, and Tracee Ellis Ross are just a few of the Leo moon celebrities. In many ways, this makes Gemini rising quite disorganized, as he or she doesn’t stop to take the time to think through all the thoughts and plans and adventures running through his or her mind. There are plenty of big name celebrities with Leo moon signs. Gemini ascendants usually have a somewhat bipolar disposition, seemingly happy and sad at the same time. Gemini signifies the twins, a dual personality that is often the complete opposite of the other. ![]() Photo: lev radin / Shutterstock.You may even feel as if you are dealing with two completely different people at different times of the day. Read on below for more information about these celebrities with Libra rising signs. Some stars, like Kate Winslet, have a Libra sun and rising. ![]() The Libra rising appearance gives an impression of strength, energy, and caring.ĭua Lipa is a famous Libra rising woman, and Idris Elba is a famous Libra rising man. The Libra rising physical appearance is typically attractive with unique features. There is said to be a certain Libra rising appearance. celebrities with gemini rising/mercury in the 1st house/conjunct the ascendant: GIF by goddessgaga-deactivated20211209. Add to favourites (327 fans) Affinity with your profiles. Display her detailed horoscope and birth chart. If you’re wondering how to spot a Libra rising, it may be easier than you think. Just click on the names of your choice to see the horoscopes of celebrities who have the Sun in Gemini and the Moon in Libra. A celebrity with their rising in Libra views the world as if anything is possible and they can achieve their dreams. Celebrities with Libra rising are social and love to collaborate. Some Libra rising traits and characteristics include being nice, sweet, and charming. The trio includes the sun sign, the moon, and the rising or ascendant sign. The "ascendant" is part of the big three in astrology that help to determine your personality. This type of sign is often called the “public mask,” since it is the image you present to others. What is Libra rising? Libra rising, meaning your ascendant or rising sign is Libra, means that you view both your outlook on the world and the first impression you give to others through the Libra lens. Beyonce, Harry Styles, and Rose Byrne are just a few of the Libra rising celebrities. There are plenty of big name celebrities with Libra rising signs. ![]() ![]() ![]() Generally, the installation process starts with unrolling the privacy netting and stapling it to your existing fence.Įnsure that you hammer the staples in securely. Once the necessary materials have been purchased, you will need to begin the installation process. Once you have the measurements you will need to purchase the appropriate amount of netting and attach any necessary hardware, such as hog rings or hook and eyes. Measure the length and height of the space where you will be installing the netting, and add an extra 3 feet for tying off the edges. Including vinyl-coated polyester, knitted polyethylene, and non-woven polypropylene.Īfter selecting your privacy netting, you will need to determine how much you need to buy. The first step is to decide what type of privacy netting you want. Installing privacy netting is an easy and effective way to add privacy and security to an outdoor space. By using some lattice wood and a few supplies, you can easily create a functional and stylish privacy screen on a budget. Once the boards are secured together, you will have a strong and lasting privacy screen.Ī privacy screen doesn’t have to be complicated or expensive. Once all the boards are connected, you can use a drill to drill pilot holes into the boards to make it easier to connect them together. Begin by laying out the boards in a lattice pattern and then use wood screws to attach them together. Once you have the lumber cut, begin assembling it. Keep in mind that if you are making a lattice pattern you will need to buy slightly larger boards to account for the space between each one. Once you have the measurements, mark the area and cut the boards to the appropriate size. All you need is some lattice wood, wood screws, and a drill.įirst, you will need to measure the space where you want the privacy screen so that you can get the correct amount of lumber for the project. One simple and inexpensive way is to create a lattice privacy screen. How can I make a cheap privacy screen?Ĭreating a cheap privacy screen does not have to be a difficult or expensive project. Once that is all complete, your lattice should be securely attached to your deck. Finally, you need a drill to attach the lattice panels to the supporting 2×4 boards, using the stainless steel screws. Thirdly, you will need stainless steel screws which should be strong enough to support the lattice. The lattice panels should be cut to the desired size, being careful to use a saw with a fine-toothed blade to prevent splintering. Secondly, you will need lattice panels, screws, a drill and a saw. You may also need extra posts if they do not already exist. These 2×4 boards should have a finished surface and be pressure treated to prevent rot. Firstly, you need pressure-treated 2×4 boards which will provide the framework for supporting the lattice. To attach lattice to a deck, you will need a variety of tools and materials. A newly added lattice will provide the seclusion you need when you need it most! What do you use to attach lattice to a deck? Once your privacy lattice is installed, you’re ready to enjoy your extended outdoor living space. Take care to ensure that the panels are securely fastened and that they run along a straight line. Use screws or nails or use a drill with a nut driver or Phillips bit to attach the panels to the 2x4s. Make sure each one is level and securely attached.įinally, attach the lattice panels to the 2x4s. Next, lay the 2x4s horizontally along the top of the posts and secure with screws or nails. Secure the posts with concrete and let dry. Begin by setting the pressure-treated 2x4s posts into the ground, making sure they are level and evenly spaced. Once you have all the necessary pieces, lay out the lattice panels and begin to construct the support structure. You’ll likely need some pressure-treated 2x4s for posts, lattice panels, additional 2x4s and bracing for support, and screws or nails to attach everything. Adding privacy lattice to an existing deck requires some planning and the installation of a few tools and supplies.īegin by measuring the dimensions of the existing deck so you can purchase the appropriate sized lattice for your project. ![]() ![]() ![]() lots of graphical issues, crashes after first areaįirst cut scene does not play, second cut scene has no audio, characters have no voices, character models are invisible after character creation, game crashed after leaving the first area. These are load acceleration data packs for a disc version of the game with the duplicate data.ĬEMU 1.7.1 - Xenoblade Chronicles X on AMD GPU - 5K IR Testing TestingĦ0 at main menu. If you are using the WW release you don't need to dump the DLC.įor the original Japanese release you might want to skip content\0017, 0018, 0019, and 001a. In the worldwide release all the DLC characters were included on disk. The original Japanese release did not contain the DLC missions and characters. Additionally, raising the resolution to 1080p or higher significantly improves the readability of the UI and does not cause issues. As mentioned above, using the Brightness workaround (with the appropriate preset for your GPU) is recommended. Optionally, there are graphic packs available. Using Triple-Core Recompiler greatly increases performance and does not seem to cause issues. This game does not require non-default settings to run properly. Underclocking or otherwise limiting your CPU.Disabling UI elements through the in-game settings, especially the mini-map.The appearance of this issue is linked to high CPU performance relative to GPU performance It seems to be caused by some sort of scheduling issue.This issue is made worse and more common, but not caused by:.This seems to only occur on the Vulkan renderer.The Cemu team has confirmed that they are working on this. There is a major issue where the entire screen will flicker with a combination of vertex explosions and corrupted UI elements. It tends to disappear when moving a significant distance, and is slight enough go potentially unnoticed. This seems to primarily happen in Noctilum. Occasionally a shadowy overlay appears over some geometry, following the camera.Occasionally shadows will be rendered significantly differently in a rectangle around the player.The major flickering issue, mentioned below. ![]() Light trails on cars and skells can randomly lag behind by a frame, causing small flickering.Because of this, the "Texture LOD Offset" graphics pack may help with this. For some reason this issue always goes away when you're close enough for the game to load the highest quality versions of textures.Some textures, primarily in NLA and on the foliage in Noctilum, will be corrupted or checkered at a distance.(May be fixed in 1.20.X, May be caused by multi-core)Īs of Cemu 1.20.2, all graphics issues are resolved, except: Cemu may occasionally crash during long play sessions.On some systems, using "Separate GamePad View" causes Cemu to crash approx into 10-15 mins of playthrough, closing this and using only TAB or CTRL-TAB may solve this issue.However it might also be a Cemu Err-Eula popup, which requires a restart of Cemu.This error might be in-game, in which case all is fine. ![]() ![]()
![]() ![]() So, get ready to unleash your creativity with ease and efficiency in the Minecraft 1.20 update. Whether you’re a master builder, a creative crafter, or just a player who loves to express their creativity, this feature is sure to captivate and inspire you. It adds a new layer of efficiency and organization to the game, making your Minecraft adventures more engaging and user-friendly. The creative inventory reshuffling feature in the Trails and Tales update is set to revolutionize the way you use creative mode in Minecraft. Whether you’re building a castle, crafting a weapon, or preparing a feast, the reshuffled creative inventory has got you covered. This new organization system makes it easier to find the blocks and items you need, saving you time and effort. The inventory now consists of several set tabs, including Building Blocks, Colored Blocks, Natural Blocks, Functional Blocks, Redstone Blocks, Tools & Utilities, Combat, Food & Drinks, Ingredients, Spawn Eggs, and Operator Utilities. In addition to its efficiency, the reshuffled creative inventory also adds a new level of organization to your Minecraft world. This opens up a whole new world of efficiency and accessibility, making your creative mode experience smoother and more enjoyable. Imagine your creative mode inventory, not just a jumbled assortment of blocks and items, but a neatly organized collection of resources. It allows you to go quickly and easily because you can ride on a variety of animals.Read also: How to Download and Install Optifine This is where the Saddle comes into play in Minecraft, as it is one of the finest ways to move in the game, especially in Survival mode. Not only that, but players in survival mode will travel a lot more than they would in creative mode. As a result, they must travel frequently. Gamers will regularly find themselves in pursuit of resources and other stuff in the enormous universe of Minecraft. Create a fishing pole and, to increase your chances, enchant it!.Fishing: If fishing is your thing, go grab that saddle! Make sure you have emeralds to get in exchange for a saddle. Trading: Found a leatherworker? Get him into the trading saddle for emeralds. Try to find a location that has chests, like dungeons or temples.There is no tip, it’s mostly roaming and searching. Exploring: If you like to roam around, this is the best way for you to get a saddle.There are 4 ways to obtain a Saddle in Minecraft: ![]() Take it to your Minecraft inventory slot.īut what if you don’t want to play Survival mode? So, how are you going to get the Saddle? Don’t worry, we’ve taken care of everything keep reading to find out more! Other ways to get a Saddle in Minecraft Wait for some time and your saddle will pop up. In the remaining spaces of the middle column add the sticks. In the middlebox of your table, place a leather piece. Lay one leather piece on each corner of your table. Now, proceed further and open your crafting table. Step 2: Arrange them on your Crafting Table The materials required for a saddle are 2 sticks and almost 5 leather pieces. How to make a Saddle in Survival Craft in Minecraftįollowing are the steps that will help you make a saddle in Minecraft Survival craft: You can use the saddle to ride horses, striders, pigs, mules, donkeys, etc. ![]() In this ultimate guide, I will give you all the details on how to make a saddle in Minecraft. I’m sure you must have many Minecraft possessions but, if you need a faster transportation method, the Minecraft saddle is the best answer. It is a big and open environment where you explore and build, as a result, a player must travel a lot. With over 140 million monthly active users, Minecraft is a 3D sandbox game that has no specific goals giving players the freedom to play this game in their way. ![]() ![]() The Cumination addon is located in The Crew Repository and has adult categories for Sites, Favorite Videos, Custom Lists, and more.Īlthough not best known for its adult content, The Crew is one of the most popular Kodi addons used by thousands of cord-cutters. The FapZone Kodi porn addon also contains several adult categories with thousands of free films.Ĭumination is a new clone of the “Ultimate WhiteCream” addon that is also on this list of Kodi porn addons. It’s important to note this addon requires a free pin for use. The Kodi Addons below are ranked based on the following:įapZone is an adult addon located within the Stream Army Repository. We suggest bookmarking this page so you can stay updated on which porn add-ons work best on Kodi 20 Nexus. While the official release of Kodi 20 Nexus was just launched, it will be uncertain what addons will remain compatible. It’s important to note that some of these Kodi Porn Addons are consistently updating and sometimes going offline.Īs of this writing, every Kodi Porn Addon listed below is currently working and available for installation on the most updated version of Kodi. The best way to do this is with a secure VPN that will secure your identity and anonymity when using 3rd party apps. We should always protect ourselves when installing 3rd party addons from Kodi. However, this does not mean the individual Kodi Porn addons themselves are safe to use. VirusTotal did not find any malicious viruses/malware within the official Kodi APK file. Here is the screenshot of the scan results. The end-user shall be solely responsible for media accessed through any device, app, addon, or service mentioned on our Website.įor 100% legal IPTV service, IPTV WIRE recommends Vidgo.īefore installing Kodi and any add-ons, we wanted to scan the official APK installation file with VirusTotal. ![]() We do not verify whether IPTV services or app developers carry the proper licensing. ![]() We do not host or distribute any applications. LEGAL DISCLAIMER: IPTV WIRE does not own or operate any IPTV service or streaming application. This will protect your identity from addon developers, hackers, your ISP, and more. IMPORTANT: We strongly recommend using a VPN when installing Kodi and any 3rd party add-ons. If you are looking for a more complex way to access and use Kodi, we suggest installing a Kodi build that encompasses numerous add-ons into a unique user interface. This Kodi Porn resource will be updated on a weekly basis and we recommend readers bookmark this page! These inexpensive IPTV services provide thousands of HD channels across a variety of categories for a small monthly fee. ![]() If you want higher-quality live TV, reliable playback, better channel offerings for adult content, and more, check out inexpensive IPTV services. Oftentimes, streams are only in SD (Standard Definition) quality and come with ads and buffering. While some of these Kodi Porn Addons work well, they are not always reliable. This can be done by jailbreaking a firestick. NOTE: In order to install these Kodi Porn Addons, you must first install the Kodi application on your streaming device. This is due to the hundreds of 3rd party Kodi add-ons and builds that can access free movies, TV shows, live TV, sports, anime, and much more. Similar to Porn APKs, these adult add-ons are used by thousands of cord-cutters to watch adult content.įor those unfamiliar with Kodi, this is one of the most popular applications among cord-cutters using the Amazon Firestick/Fire TV and Android devices. The best Kodi porn add-ons are Video Devil, FapZone, Cumination, The Crew, and several others found in this guide for watching porn on Firestick. This guide will provide a list of the Best Kodi Porn Addons for watching free adult movies. ![]() ![]() ![]() 1 Abnormalities seen on OCT in this region broadly fit into the categories of thickening, thinning or simply irregular. 1 The macular choroid is typically thickest under the fovea and thinnest nasally. The normal choroidal thickness varies throughout the eye and decreases with age by 16µm per decade on average. Enhanced-depth imaging OCT and swept-source OCT are helpful in visualizing this zone, but even without them, a lot can be seen. The suprachoroidal space is a potential area between the choroid and the sclera that may become filled with fluid in certain pathologies, making it visible via OCT. Posterior to the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) is Bruch’s membrane, the choriocapillaris, Haller’s and Sattler’s vascular layers, then the sclera. The blue lines indicate the approximate inferior and superior margins of the nevus. Thickened choroidal nevus with posterior shadowing (red line) and overlying drusen (green line). Having a well-labeled clinical reference nearby can be helpful, both to jog our memories and for patient education ( Figure 1 ).įig. Normal StructureĪ normal macular OCT should look as familiar as the back of your hand however, remembering what structure each band on the image represents is sometimes less than second nature. Use it as a piece of the puzzle and analyze it by correlating it to the patient’s history, clinical exam and other ancillary tests when appropriate. The OCT is meant to augment your clinical exam, not replace it. ![]() Click image to enlarge.Īn accurate diagnosis cannot be made simply by comparing your OCT to similar ones on the internet. Note the larger choroidal vessels (red lines) causing choroidal thickening and inner- shifting of the RPE, and associated epitheliopathy (green line). Likewise, a serous macular detachment in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) can look like a serous detachment in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).įig. For example, subretinal fluid (SRF) due to choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) can resemble SRF due to CNV in myopic degeneration. Many conditions have similar pathologic features on OCT. OCT can show you some details you won’t see clinically, yet it’s important to consider OCT scans within the context of the entire clinical picture. Doing this should enable you to form several reasonable differentials based on the areas affected and better understand what’s happening and how to appropriately manage your patients. Rather, we’ll focus on critically thinking about each layered zone on a macular OCT scan, review some examples of anomalies and recognize how those abnormalities appear on OCT relative to normal structure. Click image to enlarge.įor this article, we won’t address every conceivable diagnosis. Normal macular OCT with anatomic structures labeled. To start differentiating various macular abnormalities seen on OCT, it helps to break it into anatomic subsets, then use these groups to create differential diagnoses based on how the scan looks.įig. However, with some review and experience under your belt, you can identify what’s wrong on an OCT, correlate this with the clinical exam to make more accurate diagnoses and then begin to get more comfortable managing many of these patients on your own.Īccurate diagnosing will improve with a solid understanding of normal anatomy, then recognition of various patterns of abnormality. Interpreting an abnormality on a macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) image can be daunting for practitioners relatively new to OCT. ![]() ![]() ![]() Even more insight into your outstanding items for best books. More insight in exact online english app receipts directly into your opportunities on the music subscription automatically renews for best audiobooks. Renews for best english things done within this app store to free with an apple music. Operate even more in exact online english receipts and the receipts directly into your receipts and the music you have the app store to hand. 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